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Overview
Pancreatic cysts are saclike pockets of fluid on or in your pancreas. The pancreas is a large organ behind the stomach that produces hormones and enzymes that help digest food. Pancreatic cysts are typically found during imaging testing for another problem.
The main categories of pancreatic cysts can be divided into two groups, nonneoplastic or neoplastic cysts. Each group includes many different subtypes of cysts, such as pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas and mucinous cystic neoplasms. Most aren’t cancerous, and many don’t cause symptoms. But some pancreatic cysts can be or can become cancerous.
Causes
The cause of most pancreatic cysts is unknown. Some cysts are associated with rare illnesses, including polycystic kidney disease or von Hippel-Lindau disease, a genetic disorder that can affect the pancreas and other organs.
Pseudocysts often follow a bout of a painful condition in which digestive enzymes become prematurely active and irritate the pancreas (pancreatitis). Pseudocysts can also result from injury to the abdomen, such as from a car accident.
Symptoms
You may not have symptoms from pancreatic cysts, which are often found when imaging tests of the abdomen are done for another reason.
- Persistent abdominal pain, which may radiate to your back
- Nausea and vomiting
- Weight loss
- Feeling full soon after you start eating
How Are Pancreatic Cysts and Pseudocysts Treated?
Most pseudocysts resolve on their own without treatment, over time. However, when symptoms become persistent, complications emerge or a cyst become larger than 6 centimeters in size, it should be drained.
- Endoscopic drainage.
- Percutaneous catheter drainage, which uses hollow tube inserted into the body to remove fluid.
- Surgical drainage, either via open surgery or laparoscopic surgery (using a laparoscope, a surgical tool that only requires a small incision).
Prevention
The best way to avoid pseudocysts is to avoid pancreatitis, which is usually caused by gallstones or heavy alcohol use. If gallstones are triggering pancreatitis, you may need to have your gallbladder removed. If your pancreatitis is due to alcohol use, not drinking can reduce your risk.